“Balance on the verge of vision”, Kimberly M. Blaeser

Kimberly Blaeser served as Wisconsin Poet Laureate for 2015-16. She is the author of four poetry collections—most recently Copper Yearning and Apprenticed to Justice; and editor of Traces in Blood, Bone, and Stone: Contemporary Ojibwe Poetry. A bi-lingual collection of her poetry, Résister en dansee/Dancing Resistance will be published in France in 2020. An Anishinaabe activist and environmentalist from White Earth Reservation, Blaeser is a Professor at UW—Milwaukee and MFA faculty member for the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe. Her photographs, picto-poems, and ekphrastic poetry have been featured in various exhibits including “Ancient Light” and “Visualizing Sovereignty.” She lives in the woods and wetlands of Lyons Township, Wisconsin and, for portions of each year, in a water-access cabin adjacent to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness chasing poems, photos, and river otters—sometimes all at once.

Artist Statement

I see my work in writing and photography as an “act of attention,” as a way of seeing and re-seeing the universe around and within us.  My poems and photographs often call attention to the wounds in our world—environmental degradation, race and class-based inequities, human suffering.  But they are equally as likely to take notice of the intricacies of the everyday world—“the translucent claws of newborn mice”—or to varied pathways of spiritual connection. Art, in centering our attention, can change perception and invite a re-imagining of meaning. 

My writing often traces a process of becoming, of learning how to be in the world. In Anishinaabemowin, we speak of minobimaadiziwin, the good life. Because I am invested in this becoming, my work in literature and the other arts evokes search, or the feeling of leaning toward the light. In my practice, the lens through which I refract experience often involves justice. It brings together the artistic re-seeing or vision with the Latin spiritus as in breath to speak. For me, spiritus, the gift of voice, involves not only the ability, but also the responsibility to speak.

This obligation of voice, however, can sometimes manifest itself in restraint. Poetry, at its finest, leaves room for the unsaid or unsayable; photography leaves room for the unseen or unknowable. Art is all about question and gesture. It invites a reader, listener, viewer into a dynamic process. Poetry, by its very nature gestures beyond itself; wants to crack open the surface of language and invite us into experience itself. Likewise, photography can gesture beyond mere representation. Both lean close to all borders of being—balance on the verge of vision.

Artists do not simply represent the world – although they do that work too; but on our best days, we create a pathway that ultimately fills with silence. We arrive at the edge of the known and peer beyond. In the midst of immense wild places like the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness, for instance, we know—not by reason, but by instinct—that this is sacred. We taste our own smallness. In such moments, our experience or “truth” remains on some level inexpressible. How do you say “human insignificance” in writing and mean “belonging”? Art, at its best, leaves space for this ambiguity, for this complexity of feeling.

Wellspring: Words from Water, Nibii-wiiyawan Bawaadanan/Dreams of Water Bodies, Poem for a Tattered Planet: If the Measure is Life, “Because We Come From Everything”, The Solace of Forgotten Races, Manoominike-giizis © Kimberly M. Blaeser. Cooper Yearning. Holy Cow Press, 2019. 

A Water Poem for Remembering © Kimberly M. Blaeser. Split This Rock, 2020. 

The Way We Love Something Small © Kimberly M. Blaeser. Unpublished.

Wellspring: Words from Water

A White Earth childhood water rich and money poor. 

Vaporous being transformed in cycles—

the alluvial stories pulled from Minnesota lakes 

harvested like white fish, like manoomin,

like old prophecies of seed growing on water. 

Legends of Anishinaabeg spirit beings:

cloud bearer Thunderbird who brings us rain, 

winter windigo like Ice Woman, or Mishibizhii 

who roars with spit and hiss of rapids—

great underwater panther, you copper us

to these tributaries of balance. Rills. A cosmology 

of nibi. We believe our bodies thirst. Our earth. 

One element. Aniibiishaaboo. Tea brown

wealth. Like maple sap. Amber. The liquid eye of moon.

Now she turns tide, and each wedded being gyrates 

to the sound, its river body curving.

We, women of ageless waters, endure;

like each flower drinks from night,

holds dew. Our bodies a libretto,

saturated, an aquifer—we speak words

from ancient water.

Art by Kimberly Blaeser

Nibii-wiiyawan Bawaadanan *

Wazhashk

agaashiinyi memiishanowed bagizod

biwak-dakamaadagaayin

mashkawendaman

googiigwaashkwaniyamban

dimii-miinaandeg gagwedweyamban.

Gigoopazomigoog

ninii-chiwaawaabiganoojinh akiing

ogichidaa Anishinaabe

awesiinaajimowinong, aadizookaanag

dash debaajimojig onisaakonanaanaawaa

nengaaj enji-mamaanjiding

gdobikwaakoninjiins

miidash gakina Nibiishinaabeg

debwewendamowaad.

Waabandan negawan

aah sa ongow eta

maaaji-mishiikenh-minis

minwaabandaan aakiing maampii

niigaanigaabawiying

agamigong

Wazhashk waabamang, niikaaninaanig

zhiibaasige zaaga’iganan gaye ziibiinsan

mashkiig zhawendang

mikwendang

waawiindang

ezhi-bagosendamowaad

ezhi-googiiwaad

agaashiinyag memiishanowewaad begizojig

dibiki-miikanong.

Nangodinong enji-nibii-bawaajiganan

gidimagozijig aakiing endaaying

bakadenodang

dash nagamoying

jiibenaakeying

noosone’igeying

bakobiiying.

* Translation by Margaret Noodin

Dreams of Water Bodies

Wazhashk,

small whiskered swimmer,

you, a fluid arrow crossing waterways

with the simple determination

of one who has dived

purple deep into mythic quest.

Belittled or despised

as water rat on land;

hero of our Anishinaabeg people

in animal tales, creation stories

whose tellers open slowly,

magically like within a dream,

your tiny clenched fist

so all water tribes

might believe.

See the small grains of sand—

Ah, only those poor few—

but they become our turtle island

this good and well-dreamed land

where we stand in this moment

on the edge of so many bodies of water

and watch Wazhashk, our brother,

slip through pools and streams and lakes

this marshland earth hallowed by

the memory

the telling

the hope

the dive

of sleek-whiskered-swimmers

who mark a dark path.

And sometimes in our water dreams

we pitiful land-dwellers

in longing

recall, and singing

make spirits ready

to follow:

bakobii.**

**Go down into the water.

Poem for a Tattered Planet: If the Measure is Life

Born
under the canopy of plenty
      the sweet unfolding
      season’s of a planet’s youth,
in the trance of capitalism we take our fill 
content with the status quo
pull our shades on encroaching collapse
say something about Anthropocene,
the energy barter and the holy fortress of science.

But beyond
the throat of commerce, 
beneath the reflection
               of the celestial river,
within the ancient copper beauty of belonging 
we stand encircled
       inhabit the Ish,
navigate by the singing of songs.

Though money fog settles around,
confounds measure 
today veil of mystery        shifts 
lifts  for momentary       sigh t.
         Here
find rhythm of a tattered planet,
feel on panther mound
a pulse.        Listen—don’t count. 
Feel  small  life  drum  beneath ______.


My core.     I am    ancient refracted light
or sound
traveling,
my frequency a constant 
my voice
bending at angles
to become whole in another surface— 
say a poem.

Say a poem
perpendicular to the boundary
of meaning,
make it a prism or possibility
sing of turtle or cast the mythic lumen 
of thunderbird         here
on the flat   f alter          of words:

This page     not contract 
but covenant.
Sacred where.
When neither image nor voice 
will twin itself,
In the thick moist    cloud
of being
if the measure is life
each limb a nimble test      of tree 
glimpse     not see    nor calculate.

This Shroud of Commerce shrouds meaning.
In the technology of documentary genocide
in the destructive bonanza of the industrial age— 
declare the death of planet
as it passes    through a sound speed gradient 
comes out          on the other side
a lost echo of human greed
repeating itself
repeating itself
repea t in g

Each splinter of language
bent    in complicated formulas of inference 
of ownership
as fog forgets  then remembers         form.
But we find measure     in metaphor
vibration     earth     timbre.
Amid endless metric  errors
of science         or prayer
speak the ninety-nine names for god:

Gizhe-manidoo, Great Spirit, or longing, 
Knower of Subtleties, 
trembling aspen, the sung bones of salmon, 
braided sweetgrass,
the sacred hair bundles of women,
this edible landscape—
aki, nabi, ishkode, noodin,
the ten little winds of our whirled fingertips, 
this round dance of the seasons—

the ineffable flourishing.

With mind as holy wind
and voice a frog’s bellowous night song 
we arrive.
Here sandhill cranes mark sky.
If the measure is life—
their clan legs the length of forever. 
Here mirror of lake a canvas of belief. 
If the measure is life—
refraction the trigger of all knowing. 
Only this.

Now we place aseema,
the fragrant tobacco bodies of our relatives.
A sung offering.
To make the tattered whole. 
A question of survival.

Of correlation.

                       Of vision.

The measure is life.
 Apprenticed to Justice“. University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 2016.

A Water Poem for Remembering

Yes, it’s true I speak ill of the living

in coded ways divorced from the dead.

Why Lyla June fasts on capitol steps.

Why Native women disappear like rabbits

reappear in rivers wrapped in death scarves.

A leader’s slight of voice a disgrace—

we’ve been magicked before into war.

Why we sing mikwendam*—even now

remember. On the coldest day of January

gather near ancestral waters, Michigami

(where the Milwaukee, Menominee, 

& Kinnickinnic rivers meet like sisters)

where conical mounds still rise on bluffs

story good pathways—bold and blue as nibi.

* mikwendam: remember.

“Because We Come From Everything”

                                               for Juan Felipe Herrera

Because every earthdiver nation somersaults in origin waters
I claim the holy swimming—dark becoming we share.
 
Because all the begets and begotten separate by sect
I smudge every line feet dancing each side, erase the divide.
 
Because we come from everything
from copper earth and the untranslated songs of air
from deep and ancient fires burning now in each traveler’s eye 
from water’s fluid whispers and uncounted beats of silence 
the held breath
between border                   and freedom
between wave                      and shore 
between boat                      and land
between leaving                  and arriving.
 
Because we come from everywhere
from White Earth and Somalia, from Yemen and Cuba and the Yucatan
our mythic pockets stuffed with blessings for safe passage.
Because alphabet measures of entry and exit 
document power 
because documents: CDIB Passport Visa DACA Green Card,
block barricade segregate fence enclose—
wall.
 
Because bans 
because directives executive orders
because paper decrees say detain say deport. 
Look in the mirror and say Halt!
You are under arrest. There must be a law.
because within your bodies illegal blood migrates 
because air sneaks through narrow passages
because water seeps into every pore—
build a wall! remove the bad elements, keep nasty out.
 
Because color-coded dolls and pop-gun mentality teach empire 
Because the tweeting talleys of alternative fact infect like plague
Because for some fantasized greatness equals uniform whiteness
Because power, greed, and fascism live on the same block
Because good fences make better metaphors than neighbors
I say wrong to “right-of-way,” no eminent domain, no wall.
 
Because I breathe in your air, you breathe in mine
You give me your breath, I give you mine
Because we share the same elemental dependence
belonging together to this alive place—aki, nabi, noodin, ishkode
earth water air fire and the blessed arrival and departure of seasons
the comings and goings of each animal relative
skies hung now with bineshiinyag* winged songs of return
no paper trail of identity; only this— 
the essential migration of all being. 
 
Because we come from everywhere
We claim this safe earth for all, 
in every language—Anishinaabemowin, Arabic, Español, Braille, Dakota,  
English—we say provide shelter, grant a haven 
name me a sanctuary city.


* bineshiinyag: birds

The Solace of Forgotten Races

Once more ogitchidaa * light pipes:

fragrant ink snaking into atmosphere,

a mark upon the solstice sky—ascending 

audible as December deer sign. 

While today the dow rises falls rises,

truckdrivers sleep to idling engines—

an oasis between eighteen-hour shifts,

and America revs her biofuel frenzy

to conjure from a politician’s hat 

bypass after DOT bypass, this sleight 

of hand, progressive contracted erasure 

of rice beds, sheep pastures, clapboard family homes,

and the riverwest Red Owl.

Now in the quiet of the archival moon,

the lost tribes of many nations gather

decipher mythic glyphs hidden

beneath the folded corners of oversized books. 

Skillfully we levitate the ochre—ancient 

stories meant to be burned painted sung.

Medicinal plants, shields, eclipsed dances, 

assembled here in sweetgrass fields of the forgotten. 

Outside the bleeping reach of GPS geocache,

beyond the longing of a drive-by economy,

under cover of the intelligentsias’ “folk culture”—

a healing drum, the scent of cedar

and origin fires still copper with life.

* ogitchidaa: warriors. 

The Way We Love Something Small

Vowel sounds from a land 

language not yet lost:

Mooningwanekaaning-minis. *

My tongue an island, too

swimming       where Miigis ** rises.

This ache tiny but growing—

the place I keep it.

* Mooningwanekaaning-minis: Mooningwanekaaning means “home of the golden-breasted flicker” and Minis means “island”. This is the Anishinaabemowin name for Madeline Island.

** Miigis: This refers both to a cowrie shell and a Mide shell. The great cowrie/Miigis figures in the story of Ojibwe migration. It is said to have risen out of the water, appeared providing both light and warmth and guiding the people on their journey.

Manoominike-giizis *

Ricing moon

when poling arms groan

like autumn winds through white pine. 

Old rhythms find the hands

bend and pound the rice,

rice kernels falling

falling onto wooden ribs

canoe bottoms filling with memories— 

new moccasins dance the rice

huffs of spirit wind lift and carry the chaff 

blown like tired histories

from birchbark winnowing baskets.

Now numbered

by pounds, seasons, or generations

lean slivers of parched grain

settle brown and rich

tasting of northern lakes

of centuries.

* Manoominike-giizis: the full moon of ricing, occuring in August or September.

For more about Kimberly M. Blaeser 

  • Interview on her creative process, Wisconsin DPI, 2015. 
  • “Rosetta Stone, Two” and “The Dignity of Gestures” & Picto-Poem “Eloquence of Aki.About Place Journal: Dignity as an Endangered Species in the 21st Century.  Ed. Pam Uschuk, Cindy Fuhrman, & Maggie Miller.  May 2019.
  • Radio Poetry Performance, “A Song for Giving Back,” at “Making Waves: Live in Milwaukee,” To the Best of Our Knowledge, May 05, 2018.

It is still spring. Rosa Maqueda Vicente

Boxhuada © Rosa Maqueda

© Original poems and pictures by Rosa Maqueda Vicente

© Translations by Carolina Bloem

Mâ y´u̲

Mâ y´u̲,  hñähñu. Dí ofo,ga´tho to dí handi ha mâ hai, dra mengu: Nts´o̲tk´ani, mâ hai, mâ b´atha, dí ne ga xia´i ga´tho te ma na rä hñäki rä hñähñu, n´e te ma rä njohya ngetho dí b´u̲hu̲ ko rä zi mäka hai, dí ne ga xia´i te dí handi; rä zäna, rä hyadi, rä ndähi, yä tso̲, n´e ga´tho too b´ u̲hue ko rä zi mäka hai.

My root

My root, hñähñu. I am from that land where the cactus sprouts, the tzik’iä, through the word, I wish to share with you, the gaze of a ñähñu. I am Ûrosha.
Valle del Mezquital © Rosa Maqueda

Ya hme mâ ´yu̲

Digepu̱,   ho̱nse̲  xini
ha ra hyaznä
ya da  dega ya xi
gí udihu̱ ra ñu ya te
gí nu̱´mi ra huähi
gí handi ra ´bahi
gí numañho ra zi Zänä
gí handi ra mothe
ya hñe dega ra hya´tsi.
Ra te
    ha
         ra te.
Ha ra hño̱mi dega mbonthi
bí ntsaya
ha ya ´ye n´e ya ´yot´i
ra ´bifi dega za
g
   í
    h
       n
          o̱
              ´t
                  s
                    e
Ra ndähi  bi njone
ha ra nt´o̱ts´e ra ya xi
ha ra nt´o̱ts´e ra ya do
ha ra nt´o̱ts´e ra dega ra nespi
g
      í
  o̱
       d
        e
                 Ra nthuhu ya xi
               ra nthuhu mâ hnini
                 ri noya ntu̱ngi
                    r´a y´o
                 bi ja ndunthi
                    ya mfädi
                ha nuna ra xímhai
¿Gí  o̱de?
¿Gí tsa?
¿Gí  ´bu̱i?
¡Ra hña ri ´bu̱i!
Nubye̲,
ra ndähi da njone,
ya hme mâ ´yu̲,  ¡ri te!

The faces of my roots

At times, only at times
in the brightness of the Moon 
the eyes of the leaves 
mark the path of things 
look at the milpa,
look to the palm tree,
look to the Moon,
look to the well,
the everyday mirrors.
 
Time
       over
               time.
By the slope of the hill 
decrease their fatigue
among rain and drought 
the smoke of the firewood. 
S
  T
   O
     P
The wind whispers,
to the ears of leaves,
to the ears of rocks,
to the ear of the kitchen fire.
L
   I
 S
     T
   E
        N
 
            The song of the leaves,
            the song of my people
           its voice, flies lightly
                    leaving
                    traces
                      on
                  this land.
 
Do you hear it?
Do you feel it?
Do you live it?
Its language still breathes!
Now,
the wind has whispered,
the faces of my roots, they belong to you! 
Detha © Rosa Maqueda

Haxä tso̱o̱

Hintó pädi tema da ja,
ra te,
pe ga´tho ra jä´i,
bi ma ha
ya nstaya.
Ya hña hindí ne ra nxui
ya nthuhu, embagí ge ra zi du ma da ehe
ha ya hnini mi jo´o ra jä´i…

                               Ha ra mfeni ja ya mfädi,
                                        n´e ya hogä te,
                                  ha nun´a ra mähets´i,
                               ra hyadi bi u´ti ya ´ñu:
                        ya te, ya tsintsu̱ n´e ya ´boza,
                                     habu̱ into´ó bi ñä,
                               bi xikägi ya zi mäka te.

                   Ya zi mäka te,
            ha nun´a ya zi da ha ya mähets´
                bí tutuab´´i ra ndâhi.
           Nubya ra m´u̱ ra hai, xá nk´ant´i.

Haxä tso̱o̱

In thalamus of uncertainty
time stopped us, 
We made nooks.
Whisperings avoided the night
noise of sirens, foretold death
desolate streets, piercing absences...

                                         Memory keeps
                               the warmth in the word,
                                 in heaven waterfalls,
                                 the sun showed paths:
                                insects, birds, trees, 
                                    after our silence, 
                         they uncovered their mystery.

                 Neverending fragrances, 
                in the eye of the skyes, 
                    sings the wind.
                  It is still spring. 
Donikamiñ’o © Rosa Maqueda

Sofo

Ri täki ra de̲thä,
ri häni ra hats´i...
             Ri hnu̲ti
                  ra te.
´Ramba ra ´be̲fi;
            de̲tha,
                ju̲
                n´e mu.
N´a ra ndähi
degä ñ´ot´i
      bi thogi
ra hoga njut´i
ha ra b´ o̲ts´e
      ri  e̲gi
      pa ri xudi
      ra xi hmutha.

Harvest

   Shelling corn
They welcome dawn…
      In looks
   one glimpses,
           hope.
In harvesting;
         corn,
         beans
         and squash.
 
An autumnal breeze
shows through;
                  the seed
              of the future.
Flor de Biznaga © Rosa Maqueda

Nänä Juliana

Ham´u̲
      gi bense̲,
      ya mfeni
      ga tat´i,
xâhmä gi o̲de
 ri ndäte
pa gi ja ra njohya.
 
Ngu rä  do̲ nithu̲ ´mnxi,
             ngu rä do̲ ní´bást´ä,
                ngu rä rä do̲ nikamiñ´o, 
ya mfeni bi ja ham´u̲  
ya hneí dega ya tso̲
                ge hingi hueti,
                ngu ya beni
              mâ xuxu.
Nuni bi hoki
ya b´et´e rä  dänjua
njabu̲ mâ xuxu
da hoki
ko ndunthi ya mädi
n´e ko ndunthi ya njohya,
nuni bi hoka
ra b´e̲ fi
ko ya kähäkamiñ´o,
               pa da peni ya dänjua
               ge nuni da b´et´e,
nunä rä  do̲ni 
     da donibye ha mâ b´atha,                                                                                   
             ha mâ B´atha rä B´ot´ähi. 

Nana Juliana

When you dedicate yourself
      to the task
      of the subtle 
      of thinking,
memories emerge.
One can perceive
         the beat
of your heart
to be the scent of happiness.
 
Like a flower of biznaga,
         like a flower of garambullo
               or a flower of cardon
memories converge;
in a dance of stars,
       that do not die out
       like the memory
       of my grandma Juliana.
 

Weaving the maguey fiber,
      weaving slowly,
           to permeate it with love.
 
She used
the prickly pear of camhiño 
               to wash the maguey fiber
               that she used to weave,
 do̲ni, 
     blooms in my valley,
            in the Valle del Mezquital.
Ma hai © Rosa Maqueda

Di ne ga

¡Oh, xâhmä nuga dra ndähi!
Ko xe̲di n ́e xá te
ha nun ́a râ mahets ́í
nuga ga ja ndunthi ya guí
ha nun ́a  ́yót ́ä haí.
¡Zäge nun ́a ra  ́batha ya ja ndunthi ya te!
¡Di te̲ntho nun ́a mâ zi ja ́í
hinda ma de nuua mâ hnini!

Longing

Oh, if I were wind!
Fleeting and ungraspable 
        in the hole of the sky
I would drag clouds
         to this thirsty land.
How fertile would this valley be!
How far would then
the departure of my people be!

Acteal *

       December twenty second, forty five people
       in a day of prayer and fasting for peace.
          In the jungle sounds of goat’s horn.
                 The night turned pale.
         The moon did not want to be a witness.
         Nocturnal breeze, splashed with blood.
           Men, women, and children massacred. 
¡Chenalhó, Chenalhó, Chenalhó!
After the Sun rise,
“the day that was day,
was night”
dark phase of pain 
of a community.
Train of waves demanding justice. 
¡Chenalhó, Chenalhó, Chenalhó!
Time was extinguishing them.
Chenalhó,
      Chenalhó,
            Chenalhó…
Che,
   nal,
      hó…
                      Che,
                          nal,
                              hó…
Voices of justice, will they get lost in the winter?
                     ¡Chenalhó, Chenalhó, Chenalhó!
                     ¡Chenalhó, Chenalhó, Chenalhó!


* The Acteal massacre occurred on December 22, 1997, in Chiapas. 

Rosa Maqueda Vicente leads community workshops. Rosa has published essay(“Ecos de nuestras lenguas originarias, 2017), short story (“Ar thuhu ya gigi” / “El canto de los grillos” y “Ar `mui ya deni”/“El origen de las luciérnagas”, 2018), and poetry formats (Originaria, 2019). Her stanzas have been included in A donde la luz llegue (2018), Ocho entre ocho Hidalgo: Crítica, crónica y comunidad (2019), Xochitlajtoli Poesía Contemporánea en Lenguas Originarias (2019), Antología Originaria (2019), Aún queda la noche (2019), and “La Mexicana”, suite for Orquesta de Jazz y Arpa (2019). Regarding Cultural Dissemination, has collaborated in Revista MEUI from this side. Her work has been published in  Gaceta UAQ, Difusión, Historia, Identidad, Querétaro, Qro. UAQ. Dya yu̱hu̱ / Somos raíces.

About the translator

Carolina Bloem teaches Latin American Studies and Spanish at Salt Lake Community College. Her research focuses on present-day Wayuu oraliture and its impact both in local and international communities. Past research interests include travel writing in 19th-Century Colombia and Venezuela and conduct manuals and their biopolitical role in society.


Lukas Avendaño: Reflections from muxeidad

© Mario Patiño

By Rita Palacios

Lukas Avendaño (1977) is a muxe artist and anthropologist from the Tehuantepec isthmus in Oaxaca. In his work, he explores notions of sexual, gender, and ethnic identity through muxeidad. Avendaño describes muxeidad as “un hecho social total”, a total social fact, performed by people born as men who fulfill roles that are not typically considered masculine. Though it would be easy to make an equivalency between gay and muxe, or transgender and muxe, it can best be described as a third gender specific to Be’ena’ Za’a (Zapotec) culture. Muxes are a community of Indigenous people who are assigned male at birth and take on traditional women’s roles presenting not as women but as muxes. Avendaño’s work is a reflection on muxeidad, sexuality, eroticism, and the tensions that exist around it. Though muxeidad is understood and generally accepted as part of Be’ena’ Za’a society, it exists within a structure that privileges fixed roles for men and women, respectively. It is important to note that his work provides a reflection on muxeidad from within rather than without, that is, he critically explores what it means to be muxe as muxe himself, providing an alternative to academic analyses that can exoticize.

In Réquiem para un alcaraván, Avendaño reflects on traditional women’s roles, particularly in rites and ceremonies of the Tehuantepec region (a wedding, mourning, a funeral), many of which are denied to muxes. For the wedding ceremony, the artist prepares the stage by decorating for the occasion, and then blindfolded, selects a member of the audience who presents as male to marry him. Such a union would not be well regarded in traditional Be’ena’ Za’a society, even though same-sex marriage was recently legalized in Oaxaca, an initiative spearheaded by a muxe scholar and activist, Amaranta Gómez Regalado, in August 2019. 

On May 10, 2018 in Tehuantepec, his younger brother, Bruno Avendaño, disappeared during a brief vacation from his duties in the navy. He hasn’t been found since and the artist has used his platform as an international artist to bring attention to the issue of the disappeared in Mexico. Other artists and activists join him as he travels around the world to show his work and create spaces where he can ask for answers at Mexican consulates and embassies for his brother as well as the 60,000+ individuals that have disappeared in Mexico in the last decade and a half. 

© Mario Patiño

For More about muxeidad and Lukas Avendaño

Muxes – Authentic, Intrepid Seekers of Danger © Alejandra Islas

About Rita Palacios

Rita holds a doctorate in Spanish with a specialization in Latin American Literature from the University of Toronto. She is a professor of languages in the School of Liberal Studies at Conestoga College in Kitchener, Ontario. Her research examines contemporary Maya literature from a cultural and gender studies perspective. She recently co-authored a book Unwriting Maya Literature: Ts’íib as Recorded Knowledge (March 2019) with Paul M. Worley, in which they privilege the Maya category ts’íib over constructions of the literary in order to reveal how Maya peoples themselves conceive of cultural production. https://ritampalacios.com


Raquel Antun Tsamaraint. Anent Verses

© Picture by Mario Faustos / EL COMERCIO

Raquel Antun Tsamaraint is a Shuar poet, originally from the Provence of Morona Santiago (Ecuadorian Amazon). She is a native speaker of Shuar Chicham, a language that she protects and spreads through education and literature.  Anents are prayer songs that bring about action, strong words that the Shuar elders have cultivated from time immemorial. The Kichwa poet, Yana Lema, who collaborates with Siwar Mayu and has compiled the collection, Ñawpa pachamanta purik rimaykuna / Antiguas palabras andantes. Poesía de los pueblos y nacionalidades indígenas del Ecuador (2016), sent us these words to introduce the work of Raquel Antun Tsamaraint:

“The forms of relations between all living beings in the jungle are so very deep and close. In the  voice of Raquel, we encounter the coexistence between humans and all that exists in the forest. The life of plants and sacred animals are interlaced with the lives of humans, whether man or woman. Even so, this poet shares with us not only the sense of her nation, Shuar, but also of the Shuar woman. I can say that her verses are anent, sacred songs, new songs guided by the ancestral anent that the women of her people have sung and continue to sing. She speaks of caves, of food, of the jaguar, of tobacco, of the peccaries – and in all of this, she speaks with a woman’s sense. For this reason it gives me great pleasure to present the poetry of Raquel Antun, a voice at once coloquial and direct, while at the same time deep and loving.

¡Yuminsajme Raquel!”.

Raquel Antun © Ñawpa pachamanta purik rimaykuna / Antiguas palabras andantes. Poesía de los pueblos y nacionalidades indígenas del Ecuador, 2016 / © Translations by Lorrie Jayne and Juan G. Sánchez Martínez 

NATEM

Winchar winchar waintjai

Panki, napi, uunt yawa, churuwia aintsank

Arutam wantinkiamuri

Micha, micha jawai

Nakarkum pujumame

Karar iiame

Kakarmaram surame

Wainkiajme, aintme, amini wekasajai, mejentrusume, miniaktrusume!

Yapir nukartusume, esaintme!

Yampinkia nuwaitjai!

Natem umaruitjai!

NATEM *

Thousand of lights, lit,

Various shapes: boas, snakes, tigers, eagles,

The world of the Arutam spirits,

And I quaked: what cold!

You were lying in wait,

Watching my dreams, 

Your claw’s gash gave me power,

I found you, followed, walked towards you, you sniffed me, you held me,

Licked my face, nipped me.

I was the Tigress Yampinkia

I had ingested Natem.

* Natem: ayawaska, sacred plant that is ingested to have visions.

NUA TSANKRAM

Nantutiniam tsankjai uumpuim nua jawai.

Anentjai Nunkuin, mash takusan tusan séame.

Nawanka tsank umar kanar uunt jastiniun iiawai. 

Atash yawajai iiawai

Nantiar, nantiar iiawai. 

Nunkuin iiawai.

Nua tsankramuiti. 

TOBACCO WOMAN

By the light of the moon, you blow upon her womb–she becomes woman.

With your sacred songs, you ask Nunkui to fill her with health, 

prosperity and abundance

The girl dreams, dreams of grandeur and prosperity.

She dreams of hens and dogs,

She dreams of mountains and valleys,

She dreams of Nunkui, Earth Mother.

Celebration of the tobacco woman!

ANENT

Etsa taramtai anentrajai, umar wakeruta jati tusan nampeajai, 

Jikia jikiamu jatrawa, umar wake mesempra pujutrawa, tu

pujutajai.

Anentrakui panki aintsanak aminin penkan wekaja. Wake

mesempra pujutrawa. Maru, maru enentaintrawa. 

SACRED SONG 

I sing when the sun is dying,

These rays of death inject my melody with love and the 

miracle of love occurs, fine vibrations reach the heart of my Belóved 

inject his soul with passion.

My song reaches you and wraps you in colors, like the anaconda, 

wrapped in you my sacred song will walk and you will not forget me,

you will always have me near,  Belóved mine.

YAMPINKIA NAYAIMPINIAM

Yampinkia nayaimpiniam wakaruiti yaa aintsank.

Nayaimpiniam charip chichainiakuinkia nii ainiawai nunkanam

tarattsa wakeruiniak.

Yampinkiaka yaa yunkunmirin yuiniawai, niinkia winia apachur

ainiawai, karar wainianiawai. 

SKY JAGUARS

And then the jaguars climb up to the sky turned into stars.

If suddenly the firmament roars, it is they who miss the warmth

of earth.

Sky jaguars eat stardust, they are my grandparents

who guide my dreams.

UWISHIN

Intiashin enkema entsanan enkemamiayi, Tsunkijai pujustasa.

Entsanmanka Tsunki iwiaku pujuiniawai, itiur namaksha ajuntain,

itiur jaancha tsuarminiat, tusa unuimiarmiayi.

Tsunki nii kakarmari susaru, chichatainiam, usuknumsha. 

Uwishin jaasmiayi. 

SHAMAN 

Then, he submerged himself beneath his long black hair and began to breath under

water. He went to the Tsunki kingdom to live as they live. 

He learned that the kingdom of water is wondrous, Tsunki people taught him to heal the sick,  to cure their ailments.

He received from the Tsunki his power, the power that resides in words and saliva.

He became shaman.

PAKI

Tuntui chichakui jea chicham awai timiajai. Uunt paki matnium 

chicham aujmatkatsar untsummiayi. Kashinkia yurumtsuk 

tsank umartaji, nuaka nijiamanch nawawarti. Ayamtai 

najanatniutji. Paki nakarmainiawai, niisha ijiamaniawai ii jeatin 

asarmatai.

PECCARIES *

Quiet beats from the tuntui- something was happening in the village.

It was the call of Chief Uunt to discuss the peccary hunt. 

Tomorrow we will fast and drink tobacco, he told them, women

will prepare nijiamanch so we can undertake the trip, we will make an

ayamtai in the woods. The peccaries await us – they too

prepare a welcome celebration.  

* Sajino: Pecari tajacu

For more about Raquel Antun Tsamaraint

Raquel Antun on intercultural education

“La tigresa de la cultura Shuar”, Ignacio Espinoza (Proyecto Wakaya

“Raquel Antun, una guardiana de la oralidad” (Diario El Comercio

About the translators

Lorrie Jayne, a collaborator in Siwar Mayu, teaches Spanish, Portuguese, and Personal Narrative in the Languages and Literatures Department at UNCA in Asheville, North Carolina.   She lives with her husband and daughters in the Appalachian Mountains where she enjoys plants, people, and poetry.

Juan G. Sánchez Martínez grew up in Bakatá, Colombian Andes. He dedicates both his creative and scholarly writing to indigenous cultural expressions from Abiayala (the Americas.) His book of poetry, Altamar, was awarded in 2016 with the National Prize Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. He collaborates and translates for Siwar Mayu. Recent work: Muyurina y el presente profundo (Pakarina/Hawansuyo, 2019); and Cinema, Literature and Art Against Extractivism in Latin America. Dialogo 22.1 (DePaul University, 2019.)


Filogonio Naxín. Woven Beings

Cabeza de Guajolote / Turkey’s head © Filogonio Naxín

By Juan G. Sánchez Martínez

The art of Filogonio Naxín bets upon the freedom of shapes. Reaching beyond galleries, museums and art schools, Naxín dislocates definitions of “traditional” and visualizes bridges in oil, acrylic, and watercolor with which he crosses from the Mazatec language to the techniques of Western art.

Filogonio Naxín
Se tragó el mundo / He swallowed the world © Filogonio Naxín

Filogonio Naxín is from Mazatlán Villa de Flores, Cañada Region, Mazatec territory in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. He is a native speaker of the Mazatec language. He has a B.A in Visual and Plastic Arts from the Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez, Oaxaca. Currently he illustrates books as well as offers painting, drawing and engraving workshops. Nixín has had more than 20 individual exhibitions, among which showings at the Institute of Graphic Arts of Oaxaca-IAGO, the Torre del Reloj Gallery in Polanco, and the INAH National Museum of World Cultures stand out. In 2015, the National Institute of Indigenous Languages published his bilingual book (Mazatec and Spanish), Minu xi kuatsura chichjána, Kui anima xi bantiya yajura / Qué cosa dice mi tata, Seres que se transforman. https://www.facebook.com/FilogonioNaxin

© Secretaría de Cultura de México

Naxín’s paintings gravitate around characters and landscapes in which human-beings, non-human-beings and more-than-human-beings merge. His last name, Naxín, means the nawal-spirit-horse, a presence in many of his canvases. In the indeterminacy of forms, these paintings invite you to enter a web of beings: a dog is a deer that is a whale that is a mouse that is a dinosaur that is a city. The “holy children” (as María Sabina called the medicinal mushrooms that grow in the mountains of Oaxaca) stand colorfully in this net that binds defined shapes and mystery.

Jkin Chuu Ngasundie / Ground animals © Filogonio Naxín
Tuntsin / Hummingbird © Filogonio Naxín

At some point in her experience, the viewer may ask herself: Are these images fantasy? But how can I distinguish “fantasy” from “reality”? Or are these visions another way to represent what has always been there? In any case, it seems that the only way of being in this art is “being-in-between”: as in “Ngansudie / Earth”, where the body of the city is the stomach of a deer in which the Milky Way can be found; or as in “Ién Nima / Mazatec”, where the body of a dog is a ladder standing as a tree. Being-in-between levels, being-in-between bodies.

Ngansundie / Earth © Filogonio Naxín
Ién Nima / Mazatec language / The humble’s tongue © Filogonio Naxín

Suddenly, the viewer transits from amazement to laughter, as Naxín’s aesthetics reveal the fragility of human beings when they believe they are just “individuals”. In “Earth Mother ”, the seed, the corn, the flowing water are spontaneous traces of a hand/mountain full of life. 

La madre tierra / Earth Mother © Filogonio Naxín
Ndiya / Path © Filogonio Naxín

Naxín’s art has been said to be “surreal”, bringing to mind André Breton’s famous 1938 comment on Mexico: “Mexico is the most surreal country in the world”. However, in this context, what some see as surreal, borrowed from the unconscious or the absurd, is perhaps the opposite: an ancient/contemporary/conscious creativity like the one cultivated for milenia by many indigenous peoples from Abya-Yala (the Americas). Here, at Siwar Mayu,  are some examples of this art. Filogonio Naxín’s work is an invitation for new generations to remember and daydream this fabric between languages, aesthetics and worlds.

Voz de la montaña / The voice of the mountain © Filogonio Naxín
Pico © Filogonio Naxín

For more about Filogonio Naxín’s art

“Viewing Today’s World Through the Lens of Indigenous Cosmology” by Leigh Thelmadatter: https://mexiconewsdaily.com/mexicolife/filogonio-naxin/

Epupillan / Two-spirit. Catrileo-Carrión lof/community

© Daniela Meliang Antilef

In February 2020 Siwar Mayu met Antonio Calibán Catrileo and Manuel Carrión at UC San Diego, where they had been invited to the International Symposium of Indigenous Writers and their Critics, organized by Gloria E. Chacón. Singing, weaving, poetry came together in their presentation, from which this message was clear: in destabilizing the colonial structure, its complicity with the hetero-patriarchal system becomes visible. This month in Siwar Mayu we would like to celebrate Catrileo-Carrión Community’s video-essays, as well as share two unpublished texts by Antonio Calibán Catrileo, translated into English by our friend Felipe Q. Quintanilla. Thanks for your work, hermanxs!

In the words of Catrileo-Carrión’s own community:

In Mapuzungun, “epu” and “pillan” mean two and spirit respectively. The epupillan horizon, that is to say of two-spirit people in the Mapuche context, exceeds LGBTIQ+ categories; this is where its radicality lies because it puts sexual dimorphism in tension (…) Epupillan challenges the notion that the body is separated from the spirit; epupillan has lost its fear to cease thinking through binarism and has become a radical experience in the face of the coloniality of gender, therefore tensing the entire colonial paradigm of sex-gender identity constructions. Epupillan is an open provocation to explore diversity, to consider ourselves part of the itrofilmongen (biodiversity).

https://vimeo.com/catrileocarrion
© Daniela Meliang Antilef

Nos besamos en la niebla © Antonio Calibán Catrileo

We kiss in the mist © Felipe Q. Quintanilla

Truyuwiyu chiwayantü mew / We kiss in the mist

We could perceive the uncomfortable gaze of the wentru, seeing us together. Me, with my painted nails and dressing with some elements that, as tradition would say with a categorical tone, without the possibility of doubt, only the zomo could wear. During the prayer we had to deal with that: with the mocking and mistrustful looks. Uncomfortable looks, not understanding what I was, what we were. Until the elder women, the papay, came to ask my name and to come out and dance with the men, the wentru carriers of tradition. Fear of rejection, a thing I have felt time and time again, made me want to resist. But there I was,  with a muñolonko on my head, wearing it like my sisters wear them, because, indeed, I have always been a female in my community. They never treated me as foreign, or out of place. For a second, I thought of removing myself, but then I felt the call of the papay who called my name once again. One of them said that the choyke purrun would not start if I did not also join them. I took a breath and contemplated the scene for a second: all the heterosexual families coming together around the rewe, and in the one corner was my community comprised by Manuel, Patricia, Consuelo, and Constanza. I saw that Consuelo, for the first time, had taken my kultrun, and started to play it, timidly. My eyes fogged up with emotion that I had never before verbalized. I looked intently at Manuel.

I joined those men, even though I didn’t have the smell of masculinity, but rather of something unclassifiable. I know that they didn’t want me there because I spoiled their performance of virile men emulating the courtship rituals of birds. I didn’t do it for that reason; for me, the choyke purrun was a space and time to derive pleasure from the dance and journey. I saw my community once again. They were there watching me. To them I dedicated this dance and prayer: to the pariahs of identity, the nameless, the faceless, the ones you don’t approach because their genders are not fully known. And I turned around the rewe. I closed my eyes and focused on those first shy percussions that Consuelo was making with my kultrun. Its heartbeat was delicate, sensitive. Different to the ones of the papay, a beat strong and clear, because they were the keepers of the tradition. But I closed my eyes and that sound faded; little by little, I started to feel my heartbeats synchronizing with Consuelo’s rhythm, and I asked the spirits that were visiting us at that moment, for them to dissolve my humanity during that short period of the ceremony. I asked them with every movement of my body for everyone to see me in this moment overflowing, for them to see me in transit through the energy of Antükuram. Our affinity came forth in each turn we did on the rewe. I danced to the rhythm of my community, lest we touch each other or manifest our love publicly. Our dance was not for the sake of difference, but rather a provocation. The mist covered the whole group in prayer, we could only listen to each other and see the spectral silhouettes. But still we knew that we were turning. I took Manuel to the dance, dared to grab his hand even if a man with a man was not permitted. I knew that neither of us was really a man. We were a shared energy that let itself be touched by chiwayantü, the mist. In that porous dance we kissed without touching: Manuel, the mist and I. It was a gesture of love epupillan. Far away we could hear Consuelo playing the kultrun vividly. Something in us had awakened. 

~

Wentru: man

Zomo: woman

Papay: women elders

Muñolonko: handkerchief that is tied to the head

Choyke purrun: dance of the ostrich

Rewe: altar, ceremonial space

Kultrun: mapuche drum

Antükuram: egg with no embryo

Chiwayantü: mist

Epupillan: two spirit

“Kizungünewün epupillan / Self-determination two-spirits”, a video-essay by the Catrileo Carrión Community

In Kizungünewün epupillan / Self-determination two-spirits, the Catrileo-Carrión community explores the full force of their epupillan multiplicity through both image and poetry. Epupillan self-determination challenges labels such as “champurria” (mestizo), “warriache” (urban Mapuche), “homo / heterosexual” and “Mapuche”, since the fossilized identities are colonial control weapons for both settler colonialism and internalized colonization. In a prologue and three chapters, Antonio Calibán, Manuel and Constanza self-reflect on how expectations about ethnic/racial classifications obstruct the possibilities of being, marginalizing those who “are not enough”, or who flow between different possibilities. While a spindle spins on the ground, we read on the screen:

They’ve performed a race test on us, they didn’t find the color they expected on our skins, neither in our features nor our hair; they also didn’t find in our names the correct origin or family, and our non-heterosexual relationship just made them uncomfortable. They did not find our mapuchidad pure enough. (4:30)

Performance + Poetry + Video + Ceremony + Moss from the water springs + Stones from a sleeping volcano = Healing for the body, the heart and the multiple spirit. 

© Daniela Meliang Antilef

Anembrionario © Antonio Calibán Catrileo

Anembryonary © Translation by Felipe Q. Quintanilla

Anembryonary

This egg didn’t turn out well, they would say

Because it had no fetus and would not produce life

Nonetheless we celebrate its existence,

without projecting for it the obligation

of a thought-out future

to reproduce the species.  

This egg is not empty,

it is an egg that calls us to the present.

It is life with no pretension of something more.

The old papay would say

that oftentimes birds gave us eggs like these,

and that in general, life

in its infinite possibilities

offered us this gift: an egg without an embryo,

an egg made out of sun that brings forth only light

and abundance for whom receives it.

This egg didn’t turn out well, they would say

And we grew up believing this,

that we are the reproductive non-life, seen

as defective, incomplete, erroneous.

And on and on like that, an enormous list of adjectives:

faggot, sodomite, neferious sinner, fairy, hollow.

And this non-reproductive energy has a name.

It has energy and space for its passage:

Antükuram is our newen

our ability to inhabit a dislocated life

away from the men-woman complement,

far from a tradition imposed on us,

a life that chooses its present and its abundance.

Never void, never sinful.

There is a world full of beings like us,

We are the angle that opens and closes the circle.

We receive the force of the sun

To beat the prejudices of our people,

to rebelliously burn the place they took away from us.

But we are sprouting forth with the strength of Antükuram

And soon we will come back to dance atop our rewe

To lead the way for our overflowing journey.

~

Papay: women elders

Antükuram: egg with no embryo

Newen: strength

Rewe: altars, ceremonial spaces

About the translator

Western University ’12 PhD Hispanic Studies.

Felipe Q. Quintanilla is an Assistant Professor of Hispanic Studies at Western University, where his research and teaching cover a wide range of topics and genres, including the Salvadoran Post Civil memory and oral history; gender and sexuality in contemporary Latin American cinema and literature; U.S. Latin@ representation in popular media; and Spanish-English translation. His creative works have been included in several print anthologies as well as in various online publications. He was also co-editor of the Indigenous Message on Water that gathered wisdom, thoughts, verses, short stories, poems, and general reflections on the various local issues pertaining to water. 

For more about the Catrileo-Carrión Community

Ngoymalayiñ / We don’t forget

Short film about the murder of Matías Valentín Catrileo Quezada in 2008, by a Chilean policeman. Excerpts from an interview with Catalina Catrileo, Matías’s sister, by a journalist who asks incisive questions, are included: “Catalina, do you feel Chilean? Would you like to feel Chilean or would you prefer an autonomous Mapuche state?” The answer: “The state is a repressive institution.”  A public acknowledgment of impunity closes the video: a list of names of Mapuche leaders who have been killed during the contemporary Chilean “democracy”. 

Famew Mvlepan Kaxvlew / I am here, wounded river 

Video-essay/memoir about Antonio Calibán Catrileo’s radical decision of self-determination: changing his name in his birth certificate. The grandmother’s surname, the Mapocho river, and the wixal / loom are witnesses of this “des-whitening” process, in which the Mapuche identity is clearly not homogeneous.  

https://imaginenative.org/kizungnewn-epupillan

Memorias lafkenche y relatos de Tolten

Memorias de la madera en Neltume

Awkan Epupillan Mew. Dos espíritus en divergencia. Antonio Calibán Catrileo Araya. Pehuén Editores, 2019. (adelanto) 

Chanting the mountains. Craig Santos-Perez

Craig Santos Perez is an indigenous Chamoru poet from the Pacific Island of Guåhan (Guam). He is the author of five books of poetry, co-editor of five anthologies, and professor at the University of Hawai’i, Manoa. 

@craigsperez

Poet’s Statement: 

“I wrote this poem for International Mountain Day to raise awareness about the ecological and cultural value of mountains in Pacific islands and cultures, especially since the Pacific is not often imagined as a mountainous region. The poem also responds to historical and ongoing threats to mountains in the Pacific, including mining, deforestation, urbanism, militarism, and tourism. Specific to Hawai’i, I also wrote this poem in solidarity with native Hawaiians who are protecting their sacred mountain, Mauna Kea, from development and desecration by the colonial astronomy industry, who is planning to build the largest telescope in the world atop Mauna Kea. Hawaiians have established an encampment at the access road to the mountain to stop construction, and they have even created a free school there with daily classes, events, dancing, chanting, and other rituals. My wife, who’s Hawaiian, and our family went to the base of Mauna Kea last summer to perform our poetry and show solidarity. I performed “Chanting the Mountains” for the first time there. The pictures depict our experience.”

-for International Mountain Day, December 11th

Chanting the Mountains

Say: “Mountains are sacred”

because mountains are born from contracting tectonic plates––  

because mountains live on a quarter of the planet’s surface––

because mountains shape local and global climates

Say: “Mountains are sacred” 

because mountains nourish trees, animals and food crops––

because mountains house native peoples, minorities, and refugees––

because mountains create corridors for migrating species––

because my family lives on a submerged mountain–– 

Say: “Mountains are sacred” 

because mountains capture moisture from the atmosphere–– 

because mountains filter aquifers and source rivers––

because mountains provide freshwater for half of humanity

Say: “Mountains are sacred” 

because what else do you call places that are always being desecrated 

by corporations, armies, and nations––

who clearcut, detonate, drill, mine, extract, and pollute––

who violently remove mountaintops––

who violently remove entire mountains 

Say: “Mountains are sacred”

because we say stop! 

this is our center of creation–––stop! 

this is where we bury and honor our dead––stop! 

this is where we pilgrimage, worship, and make offerings––stop! 

you are hurting our mountain elders

Say: “Mountains are sacred” 

because there once was a mountain here––

because this deep opened wound was once home

Say: “Mountains are sacred” 

because what else do you call places that are always being endangered: 

melting glaciers and ice caps, severe erosion and floods, 

eruptions and earthquakes, diminishing crop yields, water flow, and biodiversity, 

scorched earth wars and border conflicts

Say: “Mountains are sacred”

because my daughter loves playing at Mānoa Valley park, 

surrounded by the Koʻolau mountains––

because one day she’ll ask us “What is the tallest mountain in the world?”––

we’ll tell her, Mauna Kea stands more than 30,000 feet above the ocean floor, 

home of Papa and Wakea, Earth Mother and Sky Father, 

the birthplace of your Hawaiian ancestors” 

Say: “Mountains are sacred”

because we’ll have to tell her about the violent construction 

of massive observatories atop Mauna Kea––

we’ll have to explain why scientists yearn to see 

billions of light years into space yet refuse to see 

the sacredness of this place

Say: “Mountains are sacred”

because we’ll also tell her about the aloha ʻāina protectors––

who stopped the groundbreaking of a Thirty Meter Telescope––

who bravely stood on the access road, held hands, and chanted: 

“ku kiaʻi mauna”––

Say: “Mountains are sacred” 

because 

We are Mauna Kea 

we are Lamlam 

We are Nakauvadra 

We are Popomanaseu 

We are Taranaki 

We are Uluru 

We are Lata 

We are Silisili 

We are Panié 

We are Orohena 

We are Nemangkawi 

We are Terevaka 

We are Tabwemasana 

We are Kao 

We are Enduwa Kombuglu  

We are Ngga Pulu 

We are Giluwe 

We are Haleakala

Say: “Mountains are sacred”

because we’ll teach our children: 

when you feel threatened, 

hold your palms out, touch 

your thumbs and pointers together 

to form a triangle, 

       like this–– 

and remember : when we stand 

to defend the sacred, we will be 

as strong as mountains–– 

remember : when we stand 

to protect the sacred, 

our voices will rise 

to the summit 

of the sky––


For more about Craig Santos-Perez

“Praise Song For Oceania,” poem by Craig Santos Perez, film by Justyn Ah Chong
YES! Media: “The Pacific Written Tradition,” poem by Craig Santos Perez

http://craigsantosperez.com/

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/craig-santos-perez

For more about Mauna Kea and the TMT (Thirty Meter Telescope)

“Protect Mauna Kea”, Damian Jr. Gong Marley

Multimedia: “Reclaiming History”

Article: “The Fight for Mauna Kea Is a Fight Against Colonial Science,” Keolu Fox and Chanda Prescod-Weinstein

Native hip-hop vibration in times of isolation

In bridging pop-culture with land issues and spirituality, indigenous youth have embraced genres such as rap, punk, jazz, graffiti, and heavy metal since the early 1990’s. In the case of hip-hop it shouldn’t surprise us that an aesthetic that was born at the crossroads between Black American, Caribbean and Latinx migrants at a time when the South Bronx, NY was burning, would be adopted by native artists who, as protectors of their lands, have been reminding indigenous and non-indigenous peoples alike that tradition and language must be constantly moving. 

Rhythmic lyrics, drums, stomp-dances, pow-wows have been beating for millenia among First Nations from Abiayala (The Americas.) Together with the rich phonetics of glottal and tonal indigenous languages, they have sparked contemporary indigenous hip-hop. Furthermore, acknowledging non-alphabetic writings such as rock-paintings, petroglyphs, geoglyphs, ideograms and textiles, contemporary indigenous graffiti artists are occupying and reclaiming cities, materials and technologies. Today, in activating indigenous beats, languages and codes via hip-hop aesthetics, our guest-artists this month in Siwar Mayu are challenging stereotypes and expectations about indigeneity while empowering women, elders, children and keepers of the land (Juan G. Sánchez Martínez.)

Luanko Minuto Soler (Mapuche)

Gonzalo Luanko is an artist of the new Cumbia & Rap Mapuche. As a teenager he started under the pseudonym “Soler Minute,” which he later evolved toward his “Mapuche identity”, adopting his first name as his artistic name. Luanko is a teacher of History and a composer with five albums already released. He has traveled throughout the Chilean territory and has taken his “kimün” (Mapuche wisdom) to other countries such as Uruguay, Argentina and the United States.

DJ. SELTZER

His discography, Inche Ta Luanko (2011), A Pies Pelados (2012), Oral Tradition (2015) and Ketrolelán (2017), contains verses that alternate between Spanish and Mapudungún, reactivating the native language and delivering a message to the new generations for the reconstruction of the Mapuche culture.  His lyrics reflect upon the history of the struggle and worldview of his people. Instruments such as the trompe, pifilka, trutruka or kultrún appear frequently in his songs. His latest album called Ketrolelán / I am not silent includes the participation of Movimiento Original, Santa Feria and Spokesman. It was nominated for the Pulsar Awards 2018, in the Native Peoples category, and contains the song “Witrapaiñ / We are Standing” with Portavoz, whose videoclip was made in the Wallmapu / Tierra Mapuche. Luanko’s music evolution has taken him from hiphop to Latin American rhythms and today he is working with DJ Seltzer in a new album of Cumbia-Rap Mapuche.             

Liftun / Limpieza © Luanko Minuto Soler Liftun ~ Purification © Translation by Paul M. Worley

Verse 1

Newentu amuleiñ / Let’s walk strong

Cheu pvle miauken / where we’ve always walked

Welu tañi mongen mu / but my life 

kiñeke meu norlay / sometimes is not well

Zunguyen mu alkvlay / speaking bad, not listening

Mvlele wezake zungu / if there are bad things

Tañi piuke konlay / my heart does not want that

Kvmeche kvme zungukelu / good people who speak well

Lif piuke lif pulli ngelu / people with clean hearts and spirits

Poyentu nvtram nielu / have sweet conversations

Tañi pulli konki / where my spirit always goesÑi mongen mu liftun zuamki / my life needs to be clean

Liftun mvlele feita rume fali / if it needs to be cleaned, that’s worth it

Norche ngelan / I’m not always correct

Welu kvmeche ngen / but I’m a good person

Rume trani tañi mongen / my life goes down

Welu newenkvlen / but I’m still strong

Inche kimche ngelan  / I am not wise

Welu chilkatuken / but I’m always learning 

Kelluken ñi pu Che / I always help my people

Fei mu kvzaukvlen / which is why I work

Kvpape feyentun tañi kultruntun / for the belief to come and the kultrun to be played

Kvpape poyewvn tañi ngvlamtun / for the benefits of my advice to come

Lefvlkantun ñi piuke mu / my heart’s fast song

Kom tufachi zungu / all of these  Tañi liftun / are how I clean things

Chorus

Kvtrankawvn mvlele / if  there is suffering

Kiñe liftun / a cleaning

Afi zungu mvlele / if something ends

Kiñe liftun / a cleaning

Weza zungu mvlele / if there are bad things going on

Kiñe liftun / a cleaning

we newen nieam / to have renewed strength

Verse ll

Inche zuamlan tami koila ngvlam /  I don’t need your false wisdom

Inche zuamlan tami vtrir nvtram / I don’t need jealous conversations

Fei ta kvmelay kvmelay kvmelay / that’s not right, not right, not right

Welu lif newen  nieiñ aflayai / but we have clean internal strength

Kiñeke lelin neyen ayekan / some looks, breathing, happiness

Kuifike winkul kiñeke trekan / ancient mountains, some strolls

Kiñe llellipun mawvn lelfvn kurruf / a ceremony, rain, the countryside, the wind

Lifko kuifii kvtral / clean water ancient fire

Kom tufachi zungu niey lawen liftual / all of these have the medicine to clean

Kimi tami rakizuam llitual / your thoughts know to begin

Kiñe matetun purrun Datun / a mate, dance, healing

Kiñe yafutun lefkantun / a strengthening, running

Kiñe nampulkan niey liftun / a trip can cleanAkutuy kvme weftun / the rebirth is here

Inkakeiñ  taiñ kewvn mongeli / we will defend out living language

Taiñ püllü mu weichatuki / our spirit fights

Taiñ Tukulpan akupe / let our memory come back

Cheu pvle traupaiñ wezache konkilpe / let bad people not enter where we get together

Taiñ trawvn kvme amupe / let our coming together be good

Taiñ liftun afkilpe / let the cleaning not end 

Chorus ………

Verse III

Kvpape feyentun tañi kultruntun / for the belief to come and the kultrun to be played

Kvpape poyewvn tañi ngvlamtun / for the benefits of my advice to come

Lefvlkantun ñi piuke mu / my heart’s fast song

Kom tufachi zungu / all of these  

Tañi liftun / are how I clean things

Chorus …….

~~~

Zara Monrroy (Comca’ac)

Roxana Sarahí Romero Monrroy was born in Hermosillo, Sonora in 1991. She is originally from the Comca ́ac nation in Sonora, México. She is a composer, poet, translator and writer. She is also an activist and fighter for human rights and gender equity. Zara is committed to preserving and transmitting the lyrical tradition Cmiique Iitom, through song and ritual representation of her ancient knowledge. She combines her own language and way of expressing the message of her ancestors with western genres. As a traditional Pascola dancer, Zara recreates the ancient art of facial painting, redefining it and adding to it new symbolic elements. She practices the ancient art of singing and composing in her mother tongue, Spanish, and English.

Comca ́ac Flag

Regardless, she believes that a well intentioned message doesn’t need translation- it only needs to touch the heart of those that hear it. Currently she is the founder and an active member of the ecology club AZOJ CANOJ that operates within the Comca ́ac territory, and is  composed of young women from the Punta Chueca community in Sonora. She coordinates different events and procedures, such as setting up recycling workshops and waste management.

Tcoo quipee aha / Vibración positiva © Zara Monrroy ~ Tcoo quipee aha / Positive Vibration © Translated by Ivan Melchor

He ziix quii quipee quih tcooma xiica quiistox ihmaa quih iquii oyequetx, he ziix quii cöimpla quih hanso ihyomactim isoj,tax ziix quih quipe zó ihmáa aha.

/ I thank my enemies, I thank all those that criticize, because it always comes back around, we should always send positive vibrations to people.

Me ziix quisax ihmaa quih ihmpoho x, consacaixaaj aha, yooz quih maquiho ha tax, ziix quiipe tcooma tax aha taax, ziix quipee quih taax insactiim aha, hant quipee quih taax insoha, hant ifi xah ihamoc xah, taax ihpoot taax sacaha, ox pahihos, ox spacta aha. 

/ You, human that walks and breathes, why don’t you do the same, be thankful with everything and everyone, send good vibrations to the animals, to the people, with nature, that is calmness and happiness, harmonious with what you desire and ask for and everything will unfold.

Zaah zó tocpop taax isxeen coompácah x, insiyaha, insihoha, ox spacta caha, zó intimooz? Taax quipee aha, me ziix quisaax ihmaaá quih impoho ihaax insayaha, taax sacaha.

One day you’ll know everything is temporary, but it is truly worth it, be thankful. Aren’t you a human that feels? Life is human, emotions and feelings, but this is real.

Xepe iteel intica impaho ziix ccam hequee quih taax ihmpoho x, hant quiij consacaixaaj aha, hammime com maziim, xepe coil com maziim, tcoo quipee aha.

/ When you walk to the edge of the sea, be yourself, surrender with your heart in order to be and experience life as it is, everything is beautiful, the sea is beautiful, the sky is beautiful, the earth is beautiful, send positive vibrations and connect.

Taax sacaha taax ziix quipee caha insocta aha.

Hant quiij consacaixaaj aha.

/ that’s how this is, everything is good when we know we are in the right place, be yourself and thank the earth where you step .

(spoken at the end)

~~~

Tall Paul (Anishinaabe / Oneida)

Tall Paul is an Anishinaabe and Oneida Hip-Hop artist enrolled on the Leech Lake reservation in Minnesota. Born and raised in Minneapolis, his music strongly reflects his inner-city upbringing. From personal expressions of self, to thought provoking commentary on issues affecting Indigenous and diverse communities as a whole, Tall Paul’s music evokes a wide variety of substance and soul.

Prayers in a song © Tall Paul

Verse I

I feel the latent effects of assimilation

Inner city Native raised by bright lights, sky scrapers

Born with dim prospects, little peace in living

As a child, hot headed bout the fact I wasn’t wild

Like they called my ancestors, imagined what it’d be

To live nomadic off the land and free

Instead I was full of heat like a furnace cause I wasn’t furnished

With language and traditional ways of my peeps

Yeah I used to feel like I wasn’t truly indigenous

Now I say miigwech gichi-manidoo

For showing me my true roots, definitely Native

Take responsibility for being educated

My people and customs originating from early phases

Of history it’s, deeper than frybread

And contest pow-wows, tears shed in the sweat lodge

Prayers go out to all those I’ve wronged

And who have wronged me gotta treat em like family

Hook

Gichi-manido wiidookawishin ji-mashkawiziyaan / Great Spirit help me to be strong

Mii dash bami’idiziyaan / So that I can help myself

Miizhishinaam zaagi’iiwewin / Show us all love

Ganoozh ishinaam, bizindaw ishinaam / Talk to us, hear us

Mii-wenji nagamoyaan / That is why I am singing

Nimishomis wiidookawishinaam ji-aabajitooyaang anishinaabe izhitwaawin / Grand father help us to use the Anishinaabe customs

Mii-ji-bi-gikendamaan keyaa anishinaabe bimaadiziwin / So that we’ll know how to live the Anishinaabe way/the good life

Verse II

Becoming aware of a heart beats fragility

So I pray for my creator’s will and humility

It seems my prayer’s weak I can’t speak, not a linguist

Does he hear my English when I vent I fear the answer

To the question, this is symbolic of anguish

I feel regarding language and the obligation of revitalizing

Something sacred, failure to carry through is disgracing

A Nation, my first tongue’s in need of a face lift but

Deciphering conjugation’s like trying to find

My way through a maze in the matrix, complex

Hard to start without an end aside from being fluent

I gotta push the limit if I’m gonna keep pursuing

So I use it in a way that relates to my life and vocab

Bring some entertainment to it, spit it on a track

And I take it out the class, can’t let what I lack

Become a self-defeating habit that’ll make me want to quit

Hook

Verse III

It’s far fetched but Grandfather please help me learn it

Help me assist in keeping it from burning

Don’t let me quit and flee from working for a worthy purpose

Enlighten me and help me comprehend effects of my service

I need a spark in my desire from something higher

Prior to negative reminders killing my stride

Sometimes I’m the type that likes getting results

Overnight, without sweating or stressing overnight

So I pray

Creator give me strength, so I can move on

Creator show us love, so it can spread around

Communicate with us, from above, hear me now

My prayers in a song I speak em out loud

Grandfather help us to revitalize the language

And ways so we walk the Red Road

That you paved, communicate with us from above

Hear me now, my prayers in a song I speak em out loud

~~~

More about Native Hip-Hop

“The anticolonial beats of Indigenous Hip Hop”

About the translators/collaborators

Ivan Melchor was born in Charlotte, North Carolina in 1997. Presently he studies history at the University of North Carolina Asheville. He has published his undergraduate thesis regarding the migration of Latinamericans to the western region of North Carolina. In 2019 he assisted in a project with the UNCA Department of Languages and Literature to translate a collection of interviews of immigrants from Asheville, N.C. USA.

Paul M. Worley is Associate Professor of Global Literature at Western Carolina University. He is the author of Telling and Being Told: Storytelling and Cultural Control in Contemporary Yucatec Maya Literatures (2013; oral performances recorded as part of this book project are available at tsikbalichmaya.org), and with Rita M Palacios is co-author of the forthcoming Unwriting Maya Literature: Ts’íib as Recorded Knowledge (2019). He is a Fulbright Scholar, and 2018 winner of the Sturgis Leavitt Award from the Southeastern Council on Latin American Studies. In addition to his academic work, he has translated selected works by Indigenous authors such as Hubert Malina, Adriana López, and Ruperta Bautista, serves as editor-at-large for México for the journal of world literature in English translation, Asymptote, and as poetry editor for the North Dakota Quarterly.

Juan G. Sánchez Martínez, grew up in Bakatá, Colombian Andes. He dedicates both his creative and scholarly writing to indigenous cultural expressions from Abiayala (the Americas.) His book of poetry, Altamar, was awarded in 2016 with the National Prize Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia. He collaborates and translates for Siwar Mayu, A River of Hummingbirds. Recent works: Muyurina y el presente profundo (Pakarina/Hawansuyo, 2019); and Cinema, Literature and Art Against Extractivism in Latin America. Dialogo 22.1 (DePaul University, 2019.)

Ita ha’eñoso / The Stone Is No Longer Alone. Miguelángel Meza

Selection, introduction and translation

from Spanish by Elisa Taber

Miguelángel Meza © photo credit: Douglas Diegues

Miguelángel Meza is a Guaraní poet and cultural promoter born in Caacupé in 1955. He has contributed to numerous anthropological and linguistic research studies, as well as translations. He also worked for the National Ministry of Culture of Paraguay. He has published the books Ita ha’eñoso (1985), Perurima rapykuere (1985 and 2001), Purahéi (2001 and 2011), Chipi Gonzales guahẽrã (2006), Maleõ (2007), Perurima pypore (2010), and Arami mburukujaguýre (2012). He is the founder of the cartonera press Mburukujarami Kartonéra, with which he has published numerous titles authored by him and others.

Ita ha’eñoso is a bilingual, Mbya Guaraní and Spanish, collection of poems by Miguelángel Meza. Mbya Guaraní is distinct from Jopara, a variant of Spanish-inflected Guaraní spoken widely in Paraguay, a bilingual country, Spanish and Jopara. This, his first book, published thirty-five years prior, is a twin collection to Ayvu Rapyta, the Mbya Guaraní sacred myths of origin transcribed and collected by Paraguayan ethnologist León Cadogan. He writes a self-reflexive response, not retelling, of the myths; therefore, while his images, symbols, and metaphors refer to an ancestral culture, they are also very much his own. Meza’s words are signifiers without hierarchy that mean literally within the lyric structure, the first words by a new author, and connote literally Mbya Guaraní cosmological narratives. In essence both are the same as the word “ñe’ë,” which literally translates “word-soul.” The origin of the world is not announced by the materialization of the hummingbird, but by a voice that mournfully asserts, “I appear.”

Since Ita ha’eñoso (1985) Meza has published six collections of poetry and short fiction. However, Ita ha’eñoso remains a seminal work in Guaraní poetry because it marks the transition from oral and communal to chirographic and authorial literature. He makes an attunement to both an authorial style and a millenary culture possible, while they jointly point to another way of conceiving the world. The counterintuitive way that this poet renders the individual from the communal is reminiscent of the Paraguayan embroidery technique, ñandutí. Ñandutí means spider’s web in Guaraní. Threads extracted from, rather than woven into, a fabric trace a geometric pattern. Meza imitates this practice by claiming authorship through his lyric synthesis of a communal narrative. Meza seems to say through those that came before him: identity lies in erasure, not mark-making.

MORE ABOUT GUARANI POETRY

Poetry by Susy Delgado

ABOUT THE TRANSLATOR

Elisa Taber is an Argentine writer and anthropologist. She explores the ontological poetics of Amerindian literature. Her stories and translations are troubled into being, even when that trouble is a kind of joy. Her writing appears in specialized media, such as 3AM Magazine, Colleex Open Formats, and Minor Literature(s). She is the recipient of two Library of Congress Hispanic Division Huntington Fellowship and a Janey Program for Latin American Studies Fellowship; and holds an MA in anthropology from The New School for Social Research. She is co-editor of Slug, a journal that bridges the gap between literature and ethnography, and editor of a Guaraní poetry issue for Words without Borders. Her books include 300 and 28 (Oakland: Gauss PDF, 2019) and An Archipelago in a Landlocked Country [Minneapolis:11:11 Press, (forthcoming) 2020]. Elisa was born in Asunción, and lives between Buenos Aires and New York.

Six poems by Kimberly L. Becker

Kimberly L. Becker is author of the poetry collections Words Facing East; The Dividings (WordTech), and Flight (forthcoming, MadHat Press). Her poems appear widely in journals and anthologies, including IDK Magazine, Panoply, and Tending the Fire: Native Voices and Portraits. She has held grants from MD, NC, and NJ and residencies at Hambidge, Weymouth, and Wildacres. Kimberly has read at venues such as The National Museum of the American Indian, Washington, DC and Wordfest and served as mentor for PEN America’s Prison Writing and AWP’s Writer to Writer programs. www.kimberlylbecker.com

To introduce these poems, Kimberley sent to Siwar Mayu this statement about her art, a powerful invitation for the younger generations:

As a mixed race poet identifying Cherokee, I neither presume to speak for any sovereign nation nor identify with the dominant culture. I am undocumented and describe this experience in an essay for the upcoming anthology Unpapered co-edited by Diane Glancy and Linda Rodriguez.

My work is influenced by my attempts to honor my heritage through the study of language, culture, and history. I look to my literary elders and betters, such as the brilliant Allison Hedge Coke, who taught me to “hold the door open” for others and so I seek to give back where I can.

If, as Tillie Olsen wrote, “every woman who writes is a survivor” and if, as Audre Lorde wrote, “so we speak, knowing we were never meant to survive,” then every writer of Native descent, documented or undocumented, is not only a survivor, but also a witness against the institutionalized racism still pervasive in this country. The Holocaust happened here, as well; Andrew Jackson’s visage is on our currency and his portrait hangs in the Oval Office of our current corrupt president.

Thankfully we have Joy Harjo as Poet Laureate, the first Native American poet in that role, an important cultural corrective. Read the work of her and so many Native writers who are of the land and speak wisdom from ancestors who were here first. Raise up young writers. Hold the door open. Make your writing an offering. Pray. Praise what you can. Call out injustice when you see it. Call on the strength of generations of people who were never meant to survive, but have.

“Language Classes,” “Morning Song,” “In the Purple and Blue of It,” “The Cherokee in Me” © From Words Facing East. WordTech Editions, 2011.

“In Your Mind you Go to Water,” © North Dakota Quarterly.

“Copper” © From Flight. forthcoming MadHat Press.

LANGUAGE CLASS

written on Qualla Boundary; for C.M.

MORNING SONG

“Morning Song”: Facing East, a song of praise is offered in the morning. Nogwo sunale nigalsda (now morning has come). Yona (bear) Gvyalielitse Yihowa (I am thankful to you, God) iyugwu (Bring it)

IN THE PURPLE AND BLUE OF IT

THE CHEROKEE IN ME

IN YOUR MIND YOU GO TO WATER

COPPER

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